https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms15694?fbclid=IwAR1ETlwt1nqhiDPQQEyJTnyrwEY0dkm4mdLqhQ7m3cxdHFdFw7oWsNcXRwM
Roman Empire and invasion from sub-saharan populations


https://www.thevintagenews.com/2019/09/19/neanderthal-footprints/?fbclid=IwAR3abDijwm6aJb80IcCfooyqTtHtAcu8WGlhqCU8wSMNR142cECZIZN3U8c
Neanderthals and us: not a planning hierarchy.
Those who want to impose a hierarchic or "central planning" lineage of humans always forget that evolution is only about long term survival of genes and that genes are selfish. It means that in reaction to all the very difficult conditions imposed to humans in the paleo era paths of survival were chaotic and unpredictable.