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2. Etiology of schizophrenia

Genetics and epidemiological investigations have confirmed that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to schizophrenia etiology. Twin studies of schizophrenia suggest that genetic factors account for about 85 % of schizophrenia (Tsuang, 2000). However, schizophrenia is not caused by a single risk gene (Trubetskoy et al., 2022), and it does not show a simple pattern of inheritance. Each genetic variances result in only a small increase in risk. Until the threshold level is reached and clinical symptoms appear. Moreover, environmental influences during prenatal and postnatal brain development or across adulthood, such as uterine infection or pregnancy complications, psychosocial causes, amphetamine abuse, autoimmune disease and other brain trauma, also affect the risk of schizophrenia.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242122000811?fbclid=IwAR0RVEghxrr2u4Rfy3kE2BEvgymEAR5OPuWpJTV5cKnIXIH-dBYVx1e1IJE 

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Innovation is the main driving factor of growth

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Aude éternelle et tourisme

 https://www.aude-pays-cathare.fr/blog-pays-cathare-1/bon-plan-et-weekend-en-pays-cathare/?fbclid=IwAR0_ngGPcqHnso22HEeCm0vTmyko7SlMEwBi5QBhFeAJ7Kez6xFGQyy3MoY

Err is human: the covid-19 example about hydroxychloroquine

 April 2020
Dr. L. B. General practice in France

.

Covid19 treatment protocol in Algeria (thank Dr. Yasmin RAHALI).

ladies and gentlemen, here is a summary on the JEP of a COVID 19 case

• Clinical signs: research should be made:

1- Fever

2- Asthenia and myalgia (crowd)

3- Cough (dry or productive)

4- Dyspnoea: Effect or rest

Five-headaches

6- Diarrhoea, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting

7- throat irritation

8- Anosmia (loss of smell)

9- Anorexia (bad smell in the mouth that gives disgust for food)

10- Hemoptysis

• Biology

1- Blood formula (NFS) to search for lymphopenia +++

2- Glycaemia, kidney balance

3- Hepatic assessment: AST, ALT, BT: increased

4- LDH (high), CRP high

5- Ferritin (high), VS and D-Dimeters (high), Procalcitonin (high)

6- ECG before plaquenil is introduced

• positive PCR or positive rapid test (if negative re-routing in 6 days)

• Radiology:

- Base pneumonia on Telethorax

- Basal and peripheral depoli glass

Lesions spread:

. Minimum less than 10 %

. Moderate: 10-25 per cent

. Severe: 50-70 per cent

Critics: exceeding 75 %

• Treatment:

1- Check plaquenil dose (xaria Cp 200 mg) 1 Cp 3 times a day for 10 days

2- Azithromycin 250 mg: 2 Cp/day on 1 Day and 1 Cp/day for 4 days

3- Claforan 1 g/ 8 h if the patient is hospitalized

4- Lovenox 0.4 / day

5- Vitamine C 1g: 1 cp twice daily

6- Zinc Cp: 1 cp twice a day

7- Treatment of comorbidities

NB: For CEC exacerbations of BPCO or asthma: avoid using the aerosol and privileges the inhalation chamber to avoid spreading the virus,( corticosteroids are not contraindicated?????? )

• Hygiendietetic councils:

1 - Sleep well at least 7 hours a night

2- Vitamine D: stay in the sun for 15 minutes

3- Maintain its microbiote: fermented foods: yogurt

4- Less stress if possible

5- Reduce sugar: a large amount of sugar slows down GB activity and imbalance microbiote

6- Eat certain foods:

Proteins that provide repair of cells

- Orange, lemon

- Cabbage, Brocoli, Peppers, Spinach

- Garlic +++

- Ognon

- Ginger

- Antioxidant

• Secondary effects of Hydroxychloroquin:

Cardiac:

- Lighting QT interval, peak torsades

- Branch block, syncopes.

2- Neurological:

- Psychotic episodes and neuropsychiatric

- Psychological (attention to corticosteroids that may induce these seizures)

3- Hepatitis: risk of fulminating hepatitis

4- Ocular:

- Retine and macula damage

- Visual field impacted

5- Digestive:

- Vomiting and anorexia.

cordially Dr. KADI.A

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